He describes the working difficulties of needing to be the first to publish; he was counting on a monetary prize for his work to pay his debts and expenses from his work.

He describes also needing to run PR for his work and cope with the media feeding frenzy.









The author describes how he lacked a budget for advanced laboratory equipment. He had to jerry rig machinery to meticulously warm and cool the samples at the correct temperatures, for a precise amount of time, and use enzymes and cleaning solutions to extract mitochondrial DNA and DNA from bone hydroxyapatite.









The Institute of at , where the author works, has done pioneering work on the genetic causes on blood and bone disease. The author originally planned to analyze the genetic sequence of collagen production in ancient human bone samples.

Around this time, a named Kary Mullis won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry for discovering a new method to extract DNA from biological samples. He could cause a PCR reaction from both ends of a DNA strand simultaneous

As luck would have it, once the DNA had been recovered, it was discovered that Iceman (as he was named) was he was a close relative of a distant ancestor of Marie Mosley, a random genetics lab patient whose information was on file.

The author surmises that the entire modern European population is descended from at least one of seven ancient women. Like Adam in Genesis, he took the liberty of naming them all: Ursula, Xenia, Velda, Tara, Katherine, and Jasmine.

In the fall of 1991, a couple of German hikers climbing the Italian Alps discovered a frozen, thawing human corpse. This seeming tragedy turned out to be a surprising scientific discovery, after radiocarbon dating revealed that the body was at least 5000 years old. The fact that it had been frozen for so long meant that ancient human DNA could potentially be recovered for the first time.








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